ECHA Raises Concerns Over Flame Retardants’ Environmental Impact

The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has raised significant concerns about the environmental impact of Aromatic Brominated Flame Retardants (ABFRs), which are commonly used to reduce fire risks in various products. While ABFRs are effective in preventing fires, many of them pose substantial risks to human health and the environment due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity.

Understanding ABFRs: Uses, Types, and Environmental Concerns

ABFRs are chemicals that contain bromine atoms, which help inhibit or slow the spread of flames when materials catch fire. The aromatic part of the name refers to the chemical structure of ABFRs, which includes a benzene ring. They are used in various industries, including:

• Electronics (e.g., circuit boards, cables)
• Textiles (e.g., upholstery, carpets)
• Construction materials (e.g., insulation, coatings)
• Furniture (e.g., foam cushions)

Types of ABFRs

1. Additive ABFRs: These chemicals are mixed into materials but are not chemically bonded, making them more likely to leach out over time and cause environmental harm.
2. Reactive ABFRs: These are chemically bonded to the material, making them more stable and less likely to leach into the environment.

Key Findings from ECHA’s Investigation

• Environmental Risks: Non-polymeric ABFRs present the highest environmental risks due to their ability to leach into the environment. ECHA has identified five substances of major concern that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT), or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB).
• Major Uses and Releases: The highest releases occur in the electronics, construction, and textile sectors, particularly during waste processing or landfill disposal.
• Available Alternatives: Safer alternatives, such as polymeric ABFRs and non-combustible materials, exist. However, some alternatives, like organophosphate flame retardants, may also leach into the environment.
• Waste Management Concerns: ECHA highlights that poor recycling and waste management practices increase the environmental release of ABFRs, and emphasizes the importance of removing problematic additives early in the production chain.

Next Steps

This investigation is expected to influence future EU regulations, which may include restrictions on certain flame retardants to reduce environmental harm.

For more details, visit the ECHA website.